Pragmatic Slots in the UK: Licensing, Costs and Compliance for 2026
Pragmatic Play slots sit on more UK-facing casino lobbies than any other studio portfolio. That reach is not accidental. The provider supplies regulated operators under commercial agreements that mirror the licence conditions those operators already carry, which makes its games a useful lens for understanding how British gambling law actually bites. Where a Pragmatic title appears, a licence usually sits behind it. Where it does not, the reason is often financial rather than technical.
The UK Gambling Commission (UKGC) licenses remote casino operators under the Gambling Act 2005. Licence holders pay an annual fee, a point-of-consumption tax and, since 2024, a statutory levy. They also face penalty packages that have run into eight figures. Pragmatic Play itself does not hold a UKGC remote casino licence for its own B2C sites because it is a supplier, not an operator. That distinction matters when you compare where its slots are hosted and under what terms.
This page covers the legal and financial mechanics behind Pragmatic slots in Britain: which licence types apply, what compliance costs operators absorb, how penalties are calculated, and how licensed lobbies differ from offshore ones that also run Pragmatic games. The focus stays on rules and money, not marketing copy.
Which UK Licences Cover Pragmatic Play Slots?
Pragmatic Play content reaches UK players through operators holding a remote casino operating licence, sometimes combined with a remote betting licence. The Gambling Commission issues these under Part 5 of the Gambling Act 2005. A single operator can hold several licence types, and the licence conditions attached to each determine what games may be offered and how they must be presented.
For a slots lobby, the relevant licence is the remote casino operating licence. It permits the supply of virtual casino games, including online slots, to customers in Great Britain. Operators must also hold a personal management licence for key staff and an appropriate premises or remote gambling software licence where they build their own platform. Pragmatic Play supplies games as a business-to-business provider, so its own regulatory footprint sits with supplier licences in multiple jurisdictions rather than a UK B2C licence.
Does Pragmatic Play Hold a UK Gambling Commission Licence?
Pragmatic Play holds supplier relationships with UKGC-licensed operators rather than a consumer-facing UK licence. The Commission licenses the operator who takes your stake, not the studio that built the reels. So when you see Pragmatic slots on a UK site, the compliance obligation sits with the operator: it must verify your age, run affordability checks where thresholds are met, and report suspicious activity. The studio's role is to certify the RNG and supply the game.
What Is the Difference Between a Remote Casino and Remote Betting Licence?
A remote casino licence covers slots, table games and live dealer content. A remote betting licence covers sports and, in some cases, pool betting. Many UK operators hold both, which is why a single lobby can mix Pragmatic slots with football markets. The distinction matters financially because each licence type carries its own annual fee band and its own set of licence conditions. Mixing them without the right permission is a licence breach.
How Do Offshore Licences Differ From UK Licences?
Offshore operators run under jurisdictions such as Curaçao, Anjouan or the Kahnawake Gaming Commission. Those regimes impose far lighter reporting, lower fees and no statutory levy. A Curaçao licence historically cost a fraction of a UKGC licence and required no point-of-consumption tax. That cost gap is the single biggest reason some Pragmatic slots appear on sites that do not answer to the UK Commission. The games look identical. The protections do not.
Why Do Some Pragmatic Slots Appear Only on Licensed Sites?
Certain Pragmatic titles are distributed under agreements that restrict them to regulated markets. Operators in grey or unregulated markets may receive a reduced game list or a delayed release schedule. This is a commercial decision as much as a legal one. Studios protect their reputation with tier-one regulators, and a UKGC-licensed operator that hosts an unlicensed skin risks losing its own licence. The game list becomes a compliance signal.
What Does UK Compliance Cost an Operator Running Pragmatic Slots?
Running a UK-facing slots lobby is expensive before a single spin is taken. The Commission charges application and annual fees, HMRC collects remote gaming duty, and the statutory levy adds a further charge on gross gambling yield. Add responsible gambling tooling, KYC providers and payment processing, and the fixed cost base is substantial. That base is what separates a licensed lobby from an offshore one running the same Pragmatic games.
Figures reflect published fee schedules and duty rates; where a range exists, the lower and upper bounds are shown. These are the numbers that decide whether a Pragmatic slots lobby can compete on bonus size or must compete on trust instead.
| Cost item | Basis | Indicative amount |
|---|---|---|
| Remote casino operating licence application | One-off, per licence | £4,000–£5,000 |
| Annual licence fee | Turnover band, remote casino | £3,000–£100,000+ |
| Remote gaming duty (RGD) | 21% of gross gambling yield | 21% |
| Statutory levy | On gross gambling yield | 0.1%–1.1% (tiered) |
| Personal management licence | Per key individual | £370–£1,000+ |
| KYC and affordability tooling | Annual contract | Five to six figures |
How Much Is Remote Gaming Duty on Pragmatic Slots?
Remote gaming duty sits at 21% of gross gambling yield for remote casino games, which includes online slots such as Pragmatic's. The operator pays this to HMRC, not the player. On a £100 slots session with a 4% house edge, expected gross win is roughly £4, and duty takes about £0.84 of that. The margin left must cover the studio's revenue share, platform costs and bonuses. Offshore sites avoid this 21% entirely.
What Is the Statutory Levy and Who Pays It?
The statutory levy replaced the voluntary system in 2024 and applies to all UKGC-licensed operators. It is charged on gross gambling yield and funds research, prevention and treatment of gambling harm. Rates are tiered by operator size, running from around 0.1% for smaller operators to 1.1% for the largest. An operator turning over £50m in gross yield could pay several hundred thousand pounds annually.
How Do Licence Fees Scale With Turnover?
Annual licence fees for remote casino operators are banded by turnover. A small operator might pay a few thousand pounds; a tier-one operator with turnover above £100m pays a six-figure sum. The Commission publishes the bands, so the cost is predictable. What is not predictable is the cost of a licence review, which can run to legal fees, remediation work and lost revenue during suspension.
What Other Fixed Costs Apply to a Licensed Slots Lobby?
Payment processing for UK players costs more than for offshore traffic because of chargeback risk and card scheme rules. Fraud screening, identity verification and responsible gambling tools are mandatory, not optional. Each adds a per-player cost. An operator running Pragmatic slots at scale might spend several pounds per active player per year on compliance tooling alone. Offshore operators skip most of this.
Penalties, Enforcement and What Breaches Actually Cost
The Commission's enforcement record is the clearest evidence of what non-compliance costs. Penalty packages in recent years have combined a financial payment, a licence condition and sometimes a suspension. The largest have exceeded £30m. Most settlements involve failures in anti-money laundering controls, responsible gambling checks or affordability assessments, not rigged games. The games were fine. The compliance was not.
For an operator running Pragmatic slots, the risk areas are predictable. A player who deposits £5,000 in a week without an affordability check is a regulatory finding waiting to happen. So is a customer who self-excludes and is still marketed to. Each of these failures carries a defined penalty range, and repeat failures escalate. The Commission has been explicit that it will not treat repeat breaches as administrative oversights.
| Breach type | Typical penalty range | Additional consequence |
|---|---|---|
| AML control failure | £1m–£10m+ | Licence condition, remediation |
| Affordability check failure | £500k–£5m | Enhanced monitoring |
| Self-exclusion breach | £300k–£3m | Marketing restrictions |
| Advertising to under-18s | £250k–£2m | Referral to ASA |
| Repeat or systemic failures | £10m–£30m+ | Suspension possible |
What Is the Largest UKGC Penalty to Date?
Penalty packages have exceeded £30m in some cases, with several operators settling above £10m. The payments combine a regulatory settlement and, in some cases, a divestment of funds. The Commission publishes each settlement, so the precedent is public. An operator calculating whether to invest in compliance tooling can simply read what the alternative cost has been.
How Does the Commission Calculate a Financial Penalty?
Penalties are calculated with reference to the seriousness of the breach, the operator's revenue, whether the failure was systemic, and whether the operator self-reported. Cooperation reduces the figure; concealment increases it. The Commission has stated that penalties should be large enough to be felt at board level. For a mid-size operator, a £2m penalty can exceed annual profit from slots.
Can an Operator Lose Its Licence Over Pragmatic Slots?
Licence revocation is rare but possible. Suspension is more common as a first step, during which slots and other games must be withdrawn. A suspension can last weeks or months, during which revenue falls to zero while fixed costs continue. The Commission has used suspension as a lever where it believes a licensee poses an ongoing risk to consumers or the licensing objectives.
What Happens to Player Funds If a Licence Is Suspended?
Player funds held by a UKGC-licensed operator are subject to protection requirements. The Commission expects operators to hold customer funds separately or insure them, and to disclose which method they use. On suspension, players can usually withdraw balances, though new deposits are blocked. This is a meaningful difference from offshore sites, where fund protection is often contractual rather than regulatory.
Licensed vs Unlicensed Operators: The Practical Contrast
The same Pragmatic slot can sit behind two very different legal structures. On a UKGC-licensed site, the operator pays 21% remote gaming duty, an annual licence fee, the statutory levy and the cost of compliance tooling. On an offshore site, those costs largely disappear. The game plays the same. The protections, tax treatment and dispute routes do not.
This is not a moral argument. It is a cost argument. The 21% duty alone means a licensed operator has roughly a fifth less gross yield to spend on bonuses, promotions and player acquisition than an offshore competitor running identical Pragmatic content. That gap explains why UK-facing bonuses look smaller than those advertised by offshore brands. It also explains why some operators have exited the UK market entirely.
How Do Bonuses Differ Between Licensed and Offshore Sites?
UKGC-licensed operators must comply with rules on bonus terms, including wagering requirements and the treatment of restricted games. Bonuses cannot be presented in a way that obscures their value, and terms must be available before a player opts in. Offshore sites are not bound by these rules, which is why their headline offers often look larger. The difference is regulatory, not commercial generosity.
What Protections Apply Only to UKGC-Licensed Players?
UKGC-licensed players get statutory access to the self-exclusion scheme, mandatory age verification, complaint escalation to an approved ADR provider, and fund protection rules. They also benefit from the Commission's enforcement powers, which can result in redress. Offshore players rely on the operator's terms and the laws of the licensing jurisdiction, which may offer no practical route to a complaint.
Why Do Some Operators Withdraw From the UK Market?
Operators have exited the UK when the cost of compliance exceeded the margin available. Remote gaming duty at 21%, the statutory levy, licence fees and enforcement risk combine to compress margins on slots. For operators with thin UK revenue, the calculation favours withdrawal. When an operator leaves, its Pragmatic slots go with it, and players migrate to remaining licensed sites or to offshore alternatives.
How Can Players Check Whether a Site Is Licensed?
The Commission publishes a register of licensed operators, searchable by trading name and licence number. A legitimate UK-facing site displays its licence number and the Commission's logo, and links to the public register. Checking takes under a minute. If a site running Pragmatic slots cannot show a UKGC licence number, it is operating outside the UK regime, whatever its marketing claims suggest.
Pragmatic slots are technically identical wherever they run. What changes is the legal wrapper: who holds your money, what tax is paid on your losses, and which regulator, if any, will act if something goes wrong. For UK players, the licensed route carries real costs, and those costs are the reason the protections exist.
How Age Verification and Self-Exclusion Work on Licensed Slots Sites
Age verification is not a courtesy on a UKGC-licensed site. It is a licence condition. Operators must verify that a customer is 18 or over before allowing gambling, and in practice most run checks at registration through credit reference and identity data. If a check fails, the account is frozen and any deposits returned. The Commission has fined operators for allowing under-18s to deposit, and the penalties have run into seven figures.
Self-exclusion sits alongside age checks as a hard control. A player can ask an operator to close their account for a minimum of six months, and the operator must honour it. The national GAMSTOP scheme extends that across every UKGC-licensed site, so a single registration blocks access to hundreds of operators at once. Offshore sites running Pragmatic slots are not connected to GAMSTOP, which is the practical gap most players only notice when they try to stop.
What Is GAMSTOP and How Does It Apply to Pragmatic Slots?
GAMSTOP is the UK's national online self-exclusion scheme, free to use and operated independently of any operator. Registering blocks you from all UKGC-licensed gambling sites for a chosen period of six months, one year or five years. Because every licensed operator running Pragmatic slots must integrate with it, the block is comprehensive within the regulated market. Offshore sites are outside the scheme entirely.
How Long Must an Operator Honour a Self-Exclusion Request?
A minimum of six months is the floor, and the player can extend it. During that period the operator must not market to the customer, must not allow deposits and must not reopen the account on request. After the period ends, the operator may remove the block but must not target the player with promotional material in the interim. Breaching this is a licence condition failure with a defined penalty range.
What Happens If an Operator Markets to a Self-Excluded Player?
Marketing to a self-excluded customer is a serious breach and has produced penalty packages in the low millions. The Commission treats it as a failure of the operator's responsible gambling controls rather than an isolated error. Operators must maintain suppression lists and audit them. A single email to a self-excluded player can trigger a review of the entire marketing function.
Are Age and Identity Checks the Same for Offshore Sites?
No. Offshore operators set their own age rules, and many accept players at 18 by their own terms rather than under a UK statutory requirement. Identity checks vary by jurisdiction and are often lighter. A Curaçao-licensed site may run no affordability assessment at all. The Pragmatic slots behave identically, but the safeguards around them do not.
Affordability Checks, Deposit Limits and Financial Risk Rules
Affordability checks are the most contested area of UK gambling regulation, and they affect every operator running Pragmatic slots. The Commission expects operators to identify customers at risk of harm and to act before losses become unaffordable. In practice this means light-touch checks at moderate spend thresholds and more detailed financial assessment at higher ones. The thresholds have been consulted on repeatedly and remain a moving target.
Deposit limits are the player-facing side of the same rule. Licensed operators must offer customers the ability to set daily, weekly or monthly deposit limits, and those limits cannot be increased without a cooling-off period. Offshore sites may offer similar tools as a feature. On a licensed site they are a regulatory obligation, and failing to apply them correctly is a finding.
At What Spend Level Do Affordability Checks Trigger?
Indicative thresholds discussed in consultation have centred on losses of around £1,000 within 24 hours or £2,000 within 90 days for the lighter checks, with deeper assessment at higher figures. The exact numbers have shifted, and operators apply risk-based triggers rather than a single fixed line. What matters legally is that checks happen before harm, not after.
What Financial Information Can an Operator Request?
Operators may ask for bank statements, payslips or open banking data where a customer's activity suggests unaffordable play. Open banking lets the operator view income and outgoings without a full document upload. Customers can decline, but the operator may then restrict the account. The Commission has backed this approach as proportionate where the risk justifies it.
How Do Deposit Limits Differ Between Licensed and Offshore Sites?
Licensed operators must provide deposit limits and honour reductions immediately, with increases subject to a delay. Offshore operators are not bound by the same rule, so limits may be cosmetic or absent. For a player running Pragmatic slots on an offshore site, the only real limit is the one they impose themselves. There is no regulator behind the tool.
What Are the Penalties for Failing Affordability Checks?
Penalties for affordability failures have ranged from several hundred thousand pounds to multiple millions. The Commission has treated systemic failure to intervene as an aggravating factor. Operators have also been required to divest funds obtained from customers who should have been checked. The cost of a finding usually exceeds the cost of the checks by a wide margin.
Advertising, Bonus Terms and Promotional Compliance
Promotions on a licensed slots lobby are governed by both the Commission's advertising rules and the CAP Code enforced by the Advertising Standards Authority. Bonus terms must be clear, the significant conditions must be prominent, and the value of an offer cannot be overstated. A "free spins" promotion that requires a £20 deposit is not free, and presenting it as such is a breach.
Pragmatic slots frequently appear in bonus promotions because the studio's titles are recognisable and convert well. That makes them a compliance flashpoint. If a bonus restricts Pragmatic games or weights their contribution to wagering differently, that restriction must be disclosed before the player opts in. Hiding it in a footnote is the kind of detail the ASA and the Commission both look for.
What Must Bonus Terms Disclose on a Licensed Site?
Significant conditions must be shown with the offer, not buried. That includes the minimum deposit, the wagering requirement, the maximum bet while a bonus is active, the time limit and any game weighting. If Pragmatic slots contribute at a reduced rate to wagering, that must be stated. Failure to disclose is treated as misleading advertising.
How Does Game Weighting Affect Pragmatic Slots Bonuses?
Operators often weight slots at 100% toward wagering and table games at a lower rate, sometimes 10% or 20%. Some promotions exclude specific studios or titles. If Pragmatic slots are excluded, the offer is worth less than it appears, and the exclusion must be visible. Players comparing offers should read the weighting before the headline figure.
What Are the Rules on Advertising to Vulnerable Groups?
Ads must not target under-18s or suggest that gambling solves financial problems or is a route to success. They must not portray gambling as a way to recover losses. The ASA has ruled against operators for imagery and language that crossed these lines. The Commission can act separately on the same conduct, so a single campaign can attract two regulators.
Can Offshore Sites Advertise to UK Players?
Advertising rules apply to ads served in the UK regardless of where the operator is licensed, but enforcement against offshore operators is limited in practice. The ASA can refer non-compliant ads to search platforms and payment providers. Offshore sites running Pragmatic slots often rely on affiliate traffic rather than direct advertising, which sits in a greyer area of enforcement.
Tax, Withdrawals and What Players Actually Keep
UK players do not pay tax on gambling winnings. The duty sits with the operator, which pays remote gaming duty on its gross yield. That is a meaningful difference from jurisdictions where winnings are taxed at source. It also means the tax burden shapes operator behaviour: a licensed operator has less margin to fund bonuses than an offshore one, because 21% of gross yield is gone before anything else is paid.
Withdrawals on a licensed site are subject to identity verification and, where relevant, source-of-funds checks. Those checks can delay a payout, which players often read as obstruction. Legally, the operator must complete them. An offshore site may process withdrawals faster precisely because it skips the checks. Speed is not the same as safety, though it is often marketed as if it were.
Do UK Players Pay Tax on Pragmatic Slots Winnings?
No. Winnings from gambling, including online slots, are not subject to income tax or capital gains tax for the player in the UK. The operator pays remote gaming duty at 21% of gross gambling yield. The player's position is straightforward: what you win is what you keep, subject to the operator's withdrawal terms and any verification requirements.
Why Do Withdrawals Take Longer on Licensed Sites?
Verification is the main reason. Operators must confirm identity and, for larger or unusual withdrawals, the source of funds. This can add hours or days. Licensed operators also face chargeback and fraud risk that encourages caution. Offshore sites may skip steps, which shortens payout times but removes the regulatory backstop if something goes wrong.
What Happens to Unclaimed Balances?
Dormant balances are governed by the operator's terms and, where relevant, the Commission's expectations on fair treatment. Operators must not simply absorb funds without a clear contractual basis, and terms must be transparent. Players should check dormancy rules before leaving a balance. Offshore sites vary widely, and some have aggressive dormancy clauses.
How Does Remote Gaming Duty Affect Game RTP?
Duty does not change the published return to player of a Pragmatic slot. RTP is set by the game's maths model, typically between 94% and 96.5% depending on the title and configuration. Duty affects the operator's margin, not the reels. A licensed operator may offer fewer bonuses to compensate, but the game itself plays to the same RTP wherever it is hosted.
Choosing a Licensed Pragmatic Slots Site: What to Check
Every licensed operator carries the same core obligations, so the choice between them comes down to execution: payout speed, game range, bonus terms and how quickly support resolves issues. The licence is the floor, not the differentiator. What separates a good licensed lobby from a poor one is how well it runs the controls it is required to have.
Pragmatic slots are widely distributed, so most licensed operators carry a similar core set of titles. The differences show up in the wider portfolio, the live dealer offering and the payment methods supported. A site with a narrow game list and slow withdrawals is not improved by holding a licence, but it is at least accountable to a regulator if it mistreats you.
Which Licensed Operators Carry the Widest Pragmatic Slots Range?
Most large UKGC-licensed operators carry a broad Pragmatic portfolio, typically several hundred titles including Gates of Olympus, Sweet Bonanza and Big Bass Bonanza. Range varies with the operator's commercial agreements, and some sites rotate titles in and out. Checking the live game list is more reliable than relying on a marketing page that may be out of date.
How Do Payout Speeds Compare Across Licensed Sites?
Payout speeds on licensed sites range from a few hours to several days, depending on verification status and payment method. E-wallets are generally fastest, bank transfers slower. The Commission does not set a maximum payout time, but it expects fair and transparent terms. Operators that advertise fast payouts are expected to meet them, and the ASA has acted where claims were misleading.
What Should Players Check Before Depositing?
Check the licence number against the Commission's public register, read the bonus terms including wagering and game weighting, confirm the withdrawal process and any fees, and set a deposit limit before playing. These four steps take a few minutes and cover the issues that generate most complaints. None of them are available on an unlicensed site.
Is a UK Licence a Guarantee of a Good Experience?
No. A licence guarantees that a regulator stands behind the operator and that certain protections apply. It does not guarantee generous bonuses, fast payouts or a wide game list. Licensed operators have been fined for poor practice. The licence raises the floor; it does not set the ceiling. Players still need to read terms and manage their own limits.
Frequently Asked Questions About Pragmatic Slots in the UK
Are Pragmatic slots legal in the UK?
Yes, when hosted by an operator holding a UKGC remote casino licence. Pragmatic Play supplies the games; the operator holds the licence and carries the compliance obligations. Playing on a licensed site is fully legal for anyone aged 18 or over. Playing on an unlicensed offshore site is not illegal for the player, but it removes UK regulatory protections.
Do Pragmatic slots have the same RTP on every site?
Not always. Pragmatic titles can be configured with different RTP settings, and operators choose which version to run. A game may be set at 96.5% on one site and 94% on another. The RTP is usually published in the game's information panel. Checking it is worth the effort, because the difference compounds over thousands of spins.
Can I play Pragmatic slots on an offshore site from the UK?
Technically yes, and it is not a criminal offence for the player. But offshore sites sit outside GAMSTOP, outside UK fund protection rules and outside the Commission's enforcement reach. If a dispute arises, your only route is the operator's terms and the licensing jurisdiction. The games play the same; the recourse does not.
What is the minimum age to play Pragmatic slots in the UK?
The legal minimum age for gambling in Great Britain is 18. Licensed operators must verify age before allowing play, and allowing an under-18 to gamble is a licence breach with penalties running into seven figures. Offshore sites may set their own age rules, which is one reason a UK licence is a meaningful marker.
How do I self-exclude from Pragmatic slots sites?
Register with GAMSTOP, the national online self-exclusion scheme. It blocks you from every UKGC-licensed operator for six months, one year or five years at no cost. You can also request self-exclusion directly from an individual operator, which must be honoured for a minimum of six months. Offshore sites are not covered by GAMSTOP.
Are Pragmatic slots fair?
Pragmatic games use certified random number generators, and the outcomes are tested against the published RTP. On a licensed site, the operator must ensure the games supplied meet UK technical standards. Fairness in this context means the RNG is sound and the RTP is as stated. It does not mean you will win, and no slot can promise that.
What happens if a licensed operator goes bust?
Customer funds on licensed sites are subject to protection requirements. Operators must either hold player funds separately from business funds or insure them, and must disclose which method they use. If an operator fails, protected funds should be available for return. Offshore sites typically offer no equivalent protection, and recovery depends on the licensing jurisdiction.
Responsible Gambling: The Rules That Apply
Gambling in Great Britain is restricted to adults aged 18 or over. If you are under 18, you must not gamble, and licensed operators are required to verify age before allowing play. If gambling stops being entertainment, free and confidential support is available from GamCare on 0808 8020 133, open every day. The National Gambling Helpline connects callers to trained advisers and can arrange counselling at no cost.
Self-exclusion is the strongest tool available. GAMSTOP lets you block yourself from every UKGC-licensed gambling site for a minimum of six months, and registration is free at gamstop.co.uk. You can also set deposit limits, take time-outs and use reality checks on any licensed site. These tools exist because the regulator requires them, not as optional extras. Use them before you need them.
The financial reality of slots is simple: the house edge means the longer you play, the more likely you are to lose. A 96% RTP game returns £96 for every £100 staked over the long run, and the variance means short sessions can swing hard in either direction. Set a loss limit in advance and treat it as spent. If you are chasing losses, stop and call the helpline.
Final Word on Pragmatic Slots and UK Regulation
The legal and financial picture around Pragmatic slots in Britain comes down to one distinction: who holds the licence and what it costs them. A UKGC-licensed operator pays 21% remote gaming duty, an annual licence fee, the statutory levy and the cost of compliance tooling. That cost base is why bonuses look smaller than offshore offers and why some operators have left the market entirely.
What players get in return is a regulator with real enforcement powers, statutory self-exclusion through GAMSTOP, fund protection rules and a complaint route that does not depend on the operator's goodwill. None of that changes the reels. Pragmatic slots play the same wherever they are hosted, at whatever RTP the operator has configured. What changes is everything around them.
Check the licence before you deposit, read the bonus terms before you opt in, confirm the RTP in the game panel, and set a deposit limit before your first spin. Those four steps take minutes and cover the issues that generate most disputes. The rest is down to the maths, and the maths always favours the house over time.